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Applicable species: mice; rat/NHP data to be verified[12-18]. Dose range: 5×10^10-4×10^11 vg/mouse (fat pad local protocol 2×10^10 vg/side) [12-18]. Injection volume: approximately 100 μL/point; 25-30 μL/point in local fat pad [12-18]. Needle: 30-31 G (3/10 mL syringe, needle length 8 mm) [12-18]. Speed: Slowly inject for 10-30 s to form skin cells [12-18]. Anesthesia: Just stay awake and immobilized. Coverage: subcutaneous loose connective tissue, local fat (iWAT/iBAT); liver expression after absorption into the bloodstream - although the bioavailability of SC is <100%, the specific activity of liver vg is higher than portal injection, which can be compensated; the expression can last for ≥ 6 months [12-18]. Limitations: slow absorption and large variability, not suitable for experiments that require rapid peaking; local inflammation/induration affects film reading; not recommended as the first choice for systemic liver targeting [12-18].