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Applicable species: mice; there are few data on rats/NHP (NHP is mainly explored by ERCP) [12-52,12-53]. Dose range: 2×10^11-2×10^12 vg/mouse (AAV6) [12-52,12-53]. Injection volume: 100 μL/animal [12-52,12-53]. Needle: Intubation through duodenal papilla/common bile duct (usually 30 G or finer, to be cored) [12-52,12-53]. Speed: 10 μL/min×10 min=100 μL (Peristaltic P33 peristaltic pump) [12-52,12-53]. Anesthesia: isoflurane inhalation + oxygen, postoperative buprenorphine 0.075 mg/kg for analgesia [12-52,12-53]. Operational points: Make a midline incision in the abdomen to expose the duodenum and common bile duct. The proximal end of the common bile duct is clamped with bulldog clips to prevent viruses from entering the liver. The duodenal papilla is punctured and cannulated into the common bile duct/pancreatic duct. 100 μL AAV6 is slowly perfused with a peristaltic pump. After perfusion, the clips are released and the abdomen is closed layer by layer [12-52,12-53]. Coverage: AAV6 has the highest transduction of acinar cells (about 37% acinar expression), ductal cells are also transduced, and islet cell transduction is limited; the Ela promoter can be acinar-specific; the peak expression is 4-6 weeks [12-52,12-53]. Safety: Too fast perfusion (>50 μL/min) or too high pressure can induce acute pancreatitis, and the peristaltic pump must be accurately controlled; AAV6 itself does not cause chronic pancreatitis, but the operation has the risk of mild inflammation [12-52,12-53].