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Applicable species: mice, rats, NHP, sheep[12-48,12-49]. Dose range: mice 4×10^11-1×10^12 vg/mouse; rats 1×10^11-5×10^12; NHP reference clinical CFTR test 10^11-10^12 vg/kg (to be verified) [12-48,12-49]. Injection volume: mice i.t. 25-50 μL, i.n. 25-50 μL divided into both nostrils; rats 100-300 μL; NHP atomization approximately 3 mL/animal (Aerogen Solo); sheep 10 mL/time [12-48,12-49]. Needles: mouse video laryngoscope + Penn-Century micro-nebulizer, or 31 G tracheostomy needle / 20 G transoral catheter; rat 22 G bulbous gavage needle [12-48,12-49]. Anesthesia: Mild inhalation of isoflurane (non-invasive); use Zoletil for invasive tracheotomy [12-48,12-49]. Key points of operation: non-invasive i.t. in supine position, place the tip of the nebulizer above the glottis through laryngoscope and inject; i.n. in the supine position, instill into the nostril and hold for 1 minute; instillation vs atomization: the infusion is unevenly distributed (more deposition in the lower lobe of the right lung) and the operation is fast, and the atomization distribution is even and close to physiology but the efficiency is only 10-30% [12-48,12-49]. Coverage: i.t. mainly transduces AT2, AT1 and bronchial epithelium, i.n. additionally transduces the upper respiratory tract; high doses (>2×10^12 vg) can penetrate the alveolar-capillary barrier into the blood and cause liver expression; the expression peaks in 1-2 weeks [12-48,12-49].